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APPENDIX II: CHINA’S ADMINISTRATIVE LEVELS

Administrative Level Chinese (pinyin)              Examples

province                                      sheng                            Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan

autonomous region                        zizhiqu                          Tibet, Inner Mongolia

 

municipality or provincial city         shi                               Beijing, Xining, Golmud (Ge’ermu)

 

prefecture                                      zhou                             Nagqu, Shannan (both in Tibet)

autonomous prefecture                    zizhizhou                       Haibei, Guoluo, Yushu

district                                         diqu                             Haidong

 

county                                         xian                              Gangcha, Dari, Zhiduo

autonomous county                        zizhixian                       Menyuan, Xunhua, Henan

 

county town                                 zhen                             Gyegu (Yushu), Dawu (Maqen)

 

township                                      xiang                            Suojia, Zhahe, Daotanghe

people’s commune                         gongshi                         [term no longer used]

 

production brigade                         dadui[1]                           Yaqu, Jiongqu, Dangqu, Muqu

association or committee                 muweihui1                     [idem.]

village                                         cun[2]                              [term not used in pastoral areas]

 

production team                            xiaodui1                        Yaqu’s 2nd team, or association

cooperative                                   hezuoshi1                       [idem.]

natural village                               ziran cun2                      [term not used in pastoral areas]

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[1] The terms dadui (production brigade) and xiaodui (production team) officially were abandoned around 1985 but remain in common usage in some remote pastoral areas. Elsewhere in pastoral areas, the terms muweihui and hezuoshi are used.

[2] The terms cun (village) and ziran cun (natural village) are used mainly in agricultural (cultivated) areas of Qinghai and elsewhere in China, and rarely in pastoral areas.